1) Trope! No, not what you were thinking it was...
Onomatopoeia:
A word using this comes about by sounding like what it describes; words can be like "crash" or "mutter". One word used most often with the current weather is "brrr"...my mother absolutely hates this "word" as she believes that no one actually says that without having first been exposed to the word in print.
Antonomasia:
This is a nickname for something/someone. In my Spanish class today, there was a presentation given about the animosity between Hugo Chavez and George W. Bush. In the video clip, Chavez calls President Bush, "Mr. Danger". Chavez uses Antonomasia to explain how he believes Bush wants to be seen.
Metonymy:
An altered name; most recently, I observed a friend of mine expressing love for 221. By doing this, my friend was not expressing love for the number, but rather for the class and the material being taught. For a literal thinker, this was fair game...
Periphrasis:
Wonder what this could be!? There are times when I'm writing a paper that has to meet a certain page requirement where I will use this tactic to finish my assignment. Being too wordy, though, is not always a good thing. I might get the paper done, but receive a comment from the teacher about "the paper is too wordy. You could have cut out about half of that and added more important information".
Hyperbaton:
This type of trope is, when used in settings with friends who do not hit too hard, fun to mess around with. Guess what I just did...
Hyperbole:
"An elegant straining of the truth", I could not have expressed it better; anableat.
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